Transatlantic Technology Law Forum

Overview

The European Union and the United States, the world's leaders in the fields of innovation and high technology, share a common set of values based on a commitment to democracy, human rights, market economics, and the rule of law. But EU and US approaches to many technology related issues in law and policy differ significantly, causing barriers to trade across the Atlantic and legal uncertainty within the Transatlantic Marketplace, which comprises about 450 million people in the EU and 300 million people in the US.

Funded by a generous grant from the Microsoft Corporation, the Transatlantic Technology Law Forum (TTLF) aims to promote a balanced approach to today's and future transatlantic tech law issues and to focus scholarly attention on these issues by involving academics, businesspeople, government officials, legal professionals, legislators, policy makers, representatives of international organisations, scholars, students and the public at large from both sides of the Atlantic. The Transatlantic Technology Law Forum's institutional framework is co-sponsored and operated by the Stanford Law School Program in Law, Science & Technology and the University of Vienna School of Law, which established TTLF jointly in a transatlantic academic partnership in 2004. The Transatlantic Technology Law Forum serves as a coordinating and working platform for a series of institutionally open transatlantic tech law projects. A number of American and European universities and other academic institutions as well as international organisations are actively involved in TTLF projects.

It is the Transatlantic Technology Law Forum's objective to raise professional understanding and public awareness of transatlantic challenges in the field of law, science and technology, as well as to support policy-oriented research on transatlantic issues in the field. TTLF engages in three basic types of activities:

Education: TTLF actively promotes the exchange of knowledge. We educate US lawyers and policymakers on EU technology law as well as educating European lawyers and policymakers on US technology law. International understanding is necessary in order to promote successful and knowledge-based work on transatlantic tech law issues.
Research: TTLF is dedicated to basic and advanced comparative research on EU-US technology law and policy issues and to the transatlantic exchange of ideas regarding these issues.
Policy orientied activities: TTLF is a transatlantic technology law & policy thinktank in the context of the New Transatlantic Agenda and the emerging idea of a Transatlantic Free Trade Area. We emphasize initiatives that aim to provide constructive and innovative solutions to EU-US technology law and policy challenges by providing recommendations to the European Commission and the US government, and by ultimately establishing a deeper and better informed "Transatlantic Technology Law Dialogue".

The Transatlantic Technology Law Forum's operations are concentrated on five priority areas:

antitrust law
biotechnology law
information technology law
intellectual property law
nanotechnology law

Key elements of TTLF activities include conferences, seminars, workshops, meetings, research projects, courses, joint study programs, summer schools, continuing education programs, a news section and a comprehensive collection of EU and US technology law.

News & Announcements

California Top Court To Review Cipro's Pay-For-Delay Agreements - Antitrust
February 24, 2012 Class Action Litigation Report (Bloomberg - BNA)
Related: Mark A. Lemley, Stanford IP Litigation Clearinghouse, Stanford Program in Law, Science & Technology, Transatlantic Technology Law Forum
Stolen Code Is Linked to Program for Chess
July 04, 2011 The New York Times
Related: Mark A. Lemley, Stanford Program in Law, Science & Technology, Transatlantic Technology Law Forum
SAP Ordered To Pay Oracle $1.3 Billion
November 23, 2010 The New York Times
Related: Roland Vogl, Transatlantic Technology Law Forum

Faculty

Siegfried Fina: Associate Professor of European Union Law and Technology Law, University of Vienna School of Law; sfina@stanford.edu; 650 725.8146

Mark A. Lemley: William H. Neukom Professor of Law; mlemley@law.stanford.edu; 650 723.4605

Roland Vogl: Co-Director; rvogl@law.stanford.edu; 650 723.8532

Program Contacts

Siegfried Fina: Visiting Associate Professor of Law and Co-Director, Translantic Technology Law Forum; sfina@stanford.edu; 650 725.8146

Mark A. Lemley: Co-Director; mlemley@law.stanford.edu; 650 723.4605

Roland Vogl: Co-Director; rvogl@law.stanford.edu; 650 723.8532

Recorded & Past Events

Projects

TTLF runs a variety of interrelated projects in the field of EU-US technology law. TTLF is co-directed by Vienna Law Professor Siegfried Fina, Stanford Law Professor Mark Lemley and Stanford LST Executive Director Roland Vogl.

European Union E-Commerce Law Project

The EU E-Commerce Law Project focuses on the law and policy of the European Union regarding online businesses as well as the relevant economic governance issues and regulatory practices affecting the online transatlantic (EU-US) marketplace.

Transatlantic Intellectual Property Law Project

The Transatlantic IP Law Project examines the law and policy of the European Union intellectual property protection. Particular attention is given to the relevant governance issues for the transatlantic (EU-US) marketplace.

International TTLF Fellowship Program

TTLF invites scholars and professionals from all over the world to join its mission and to participate as TTLF Fellows in its research and policy oriented activities (TTLF Fellowship Program). In addition, TTLF is affiliated with the Stanford University FCE Fellowship Program.

Conferences, Workshops, Speaker Series & Seminars

TTLF hosts and co-sponsors a variety of conferences, workshops, seminars, and a speakers series to promote the discourse on transatlantic technology law and policy issues (events).

EU-US Technology Law Collection

TTLF provides a comprehensive online collection of EU and US technology law covering biotechnology, IP, IT, nanotechnology and space.

EU-US Technology Law & Policy News

TTLF also offers a digest of news covering the most recent developments in EU and US technology law and policy issues.

TTLF Group on Facebook.com

The TTLF discussion group on Facebook represents a versatile tool to connect lawyers and scholars interested in transatlantic techlaw issues, to follow the TTLF activities and share news and updates with the TTLF community.

Technology Law & Policy News

Rapid technological advances and their tremendous impact on societies around the world have prompted growing interest in technology law issues and moved the debate from a circle of insiders to the public at large. What follows is a digest of news covering the most recent developments in EU and US technology law and policy issues.

EU Technology Law & Policy News

US Technology Law & Policy News

Newsletter

The TTLF is committed to the dissemination of transatlantic technology law and policy news. The TTLF publishes a bimonthly Newsletter on Transatlantic Antitrust and IPR Developments. Faculty members, TTLF Fellows, associated FCE Fellows, and the TTLF's international research affiliates feature current developments in these fields.

If you should have any questions regarding the TTLF's newsletters, please contact Professor Siegfried Fina and/or Roland Vogl.

If you wish to subscribe to the TTLF Newsletter on Transatlantic Antitrust and IPR Developments or to use the newsletter's index or search functions, please go here.

Transatlantic Antitrust and IPR Developments

Technology Law

Over the last few years, the body of technology related law has grown dramatically. Many different institutional players in the US and the EU are vested with the authority to regulate technology related matters. In the following you can find a comprehensive collection of links to EU and US technology law.

EU Technology Law

US Technology Law

Disclaimer of Liability

The information included on this website is provided for research and teaching purposes only. Neither Stanford University, nor Stanford Law School, nor the University of Vienna, nor the University of Vienna School of Law, nor any of their employees, agents, consultants, contractors, or affiliates warrant the accuracy or completeness of the information displayed herein and accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any information contained in the website or obtained through any link referenced in this website. Please also note the disclaimer of the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (Publications Office).

EU E-Commerce Law Project

The European Union E-Commerce Law Project is co-sponsored by the Stanford-Vienna Transatlantic Technology Law Forum, the Stanford Center for E-Commerce, and the Forum on Contemporary Europe (Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies).

This project examines the law and policy of the European Union regarding online businesses as well as the relevant economic governance issues and regulatory practices affecting the online transatlantic (EU-U.S.)marketplace.

The topics covered include:

conditional access
consumer protection and distance selling
copyright and information society
cybercrime
domain names
e-commerce
e-money
e-signatures
international private law (applicable contract law)
jurisdiction
privacy/data protection
taxes

In its initial stage, the project also includes the "European Union E-Commerce Law: Consolidated Legislation" project. This project focuses on the legal framework of the European Union online business activities in Europe. The purpose of this project is to collect the most relevant EU legislation pertaining to online business activities in Europe and to publish it in consolidated form.

The project's co-ordinator and principal investigator is Dr. Siegfried Fina, Associate Professor of European Union Law and Technology Law at the University of Vienna School of Law and Co-Director of the Stanford-Vienna Transatlantic Technology Law Forum.

Transatlantic IP Law Project

TTLF's Transatlantic Intellectual Property Law Project examines the law and policy of the European Union and of other relevant European and international regimes regarding intellectual property rights and their effects on innovation, competition and economic growth. Particular attention will be given to economic and knowledge-based governance issues and regulatory practices affecting the transatlantic marketplace, as well as on comparative research on European and U.S. IP law and policy issues. The fields covered include:

Copyright
Patents
Trademarks
Design rights
Trade secrets
IP licensing
Enforcement of IP rights
Antitrust law

Researchers working in the field will find the TTLF's comprehensive online collection of EU and U.S. intellectual property law particularly useful. The collection can be found here: EU Intellectual Property Law, U.S. Intellectual Property Law.

The project also provides the academic platform and environment for the research of TTLF Fellows and other TTLF Research Affiliates working in the field of European IP law and comparative European-U.S. IP law. The research projects of the following TTLF Fellows and TTLF Research Affiliates are carried out under the umbrella of the Transatlantic IP Law Project:

Extraterritoriality in Patent Law: A Comparative Analysis of Extraterritorial Application of Patent Law in the United States and Europe, and a Proposal for Global Guidelines for Resolving Future Cases (Marko Schauwecker, abstract)
Patents, Valuation and Securitization of Intellectual Property in the Field of Medical Nanoscience in the U.S. and Europe (Luca Escoffier, abstract)
The Patent Application: A Comparison between Europe and the U.S. (Christine Reiter, abstract)
The Enforcement of Patent Rights in Germany, Japan and the U.S. (Christoph Rademacher, abstract)
Patent Enforcement - Preliminary and Permanent Injunctive Relief in Germany, Japan and the U.S. (Christoph Rademacher, abstract)
Extraterritorial Patent Jurisdiction: Can One Sue in Europe for Infringement of a U.S. Patent? (Marko Schauwecker, paper)
Nanotechnology under the Magnifying Lens from a European and U.S. Perspective: General Patent Statistics, Non-Obviousness Versus Inventive Step, and Two Case Studies in CNT Commercialization (Luca Escoffier, paper)
Biotechnological Inventions - A Comparison between the Patent Systems of Europe and the United States (Christine Reiter, paper)
Patent Trolls: A Comparative Investigation of Non-practicing Entities in the US and EU (Stefania Fusco, abstract)
A Comparative Antitrust Analysis of Exclusivity Clauses in Patent Licenses Under Article 101 TFEU and Section 1 Sherman Antitrust Act (Siegfried Fina & Anna Maria Baumgartner, paper)
A Status Report from the Software Decompilation Battle: A Source of Sores for Software Copyright Owners in the European Union and the United States? (Petra Heindl, abstract)
The Law of Software Contracts - A Transatlantic Perspective (Jacques de Werra, abstract)
A Comparative Analysis of Online Distribution of Software in the United States and Europe: Piracy or Freedom of “First Use”? (Petra Heindl, paper)
Unbundling of Software Volume Licenses as a New Business Model: A Question of Exhaustion under EU and U.S. Copyright Laws? (Petra Heindl, abstract)
Website Blocking Injunctions under EU and U.S. Copyright Law - Slow Death of the Global Internet or Emergence of the Rule of National Copyright Law? (Lukas Feiler, paper)
Liability of Internet Intermediaries in Relation to Trademark and Copyright Infringements: A Comparative Analysis of the EU and U.S. Legal Frameworks (Béatrice Martinet Farano, abstract)
Licensing and Standard Setting Cooperation: Ex Ante Arrangements for the Licensing of Essential IPRs under EC and U.S. Antitrust Laws (Juha Vesala, abstract)
Grantbacks and Other Agreements on the Future Innovation of Licensees in EC and US Antitrust Laws (Juha Vesala, abstract)
Technology Transfer Agreements in EU and U.S. Antitrust Law (Anna Maria Baumgartner, abstract)
A Brief Review of Nanotechnology Related Activities in Italy (Luca Escoffier, abstract)

In order to promote the transatlantic exchange of knowledge, this TTLF project also sponsors, supports and contributes to relevant international conferences, workshops, summer schools and seminars.

An EU and U.S. IP law news section complements the program activities in the field and is available here: EU Intellectual Property Law & Policy News, U.S. Intellectual Property Law & Policy News.

Jean Monnet Student Research Paper Prize for EU Law

The Stanford-Vienna Transatlantic Technology Law Forum (TTLF) and its affiliated Jean Monnet Chair of European Union Law are pleased to announce the 2012 Jean Monnet Student Research Paper Prize for European Union Law. In an effort to further expand Stanford’s EU law research activities, this student writing competition recognizes excellence in student scholarship in EU law at Stanford.

The Jean Monnet Research Prize includes a cash prize of $1,500 for the best student research paper. The top paper will be published in the TTLF’s European Union Law Working Paper Series. Other excellent papers may also be given an opportunity to be published in this working paper series.

The competition is open to all undergraduate and graduate students, who are enrolled at Stanford University in the 2011-2012 academic year and write an EU law-related research paper during this academic year. The EU law topic of the research paper may be freely chosen. Interdisciplinary papers with a substantial legal focus are welcome. Papers written for any purpose are eligible.

Submitted papers must be in Word format (double spaced) and in English. Paper submissions should include a one-page abstract of the paper, a brief resume of the student (indicating the current program affiliation at Stanford), and a statement that the paper was written during the academic year 2011-2012. Students should also provide evidence that they have been enrolled at Stanford in the academic year 2011-2012.

The deadline for submissions is June 4, 2012. Please address all queries and submissions by e-mail to Professor Dr. Siegfried Fina, Jean Monnet Professor of European Union Law (siegfried.fina@univie.ac.at, sfina@stanford.edu), and Dr. Roland Vogl (rvogl@law.stanford.edu).

Prize winners

2011	Ragnheidur Olafsdottir The European Union’s Regulatory Response to the Financial Crisis
2010	Michael J. Austin Style or Substance? An Analysis of the Major Reforms to CFSP by the Treaty of Lisbon

TTLF Working Papers

TTLF's Working Paper Series presents original research on technology, and business-related law and policy issues of the European Union and the US. The objective of TTLF's Working Paper Series is to share "work in progress."
The authors of the papers are solely responsible for the content of their contributions.

TTLF Working Papers should be cited as:
Author, title, TTLF Working Paper no., URL of the paper.

If you should have any questions regarding the TTLF's Working Paper Series, please contact Professor Siegfried Fina and/or Roland Vogl.

EU Law Working Papers

The European Union Law Working Paper Series presents research on the law and policy of the European Union. The objective of the EU Law Working Paper Series is to share "works in progress". The authors of the papers are solely responsible for the content of their contributions.

If you should have any questions regarding the EU Law Working Paper Series, please contact Professor Siegfried Fina and/or Roland Vogl.

Non-horizontal Mergers under the EC Merger Regulation (2012, 95 pages) [Patrick Maydell]
The European Union's Regulatory Response to the Financial Crisis (2011, 39 pages) [Ragnheiður Ólafsdóttir]
Style or Substance? An Analysis of the Major Reforms to CFSP by the Treaty of Lisbon (2011, 34 pages) [Michael J. Austin]

LLM Programs

Stanford Law School and the University of Vienna School of Law offer the following LLM programs, which are relevant for the Transatlantic Marketplace:

Stanford Law School: LLM in Law, Science & Technology
Vienna Law School: LLM in European and International Business Law (English-only branch and German-only branch)

Please contact Stanford Law School for more information about the LLM in Law, Science & Technology and please contact the Vienna Law School for more information about the LLM Program in European and International Business Law.

TTLF Fellowship Program

The Transatlantic Technology Law Forum invites applications from academics, pre-doctoral and post–doctoral scholars and professionals to join its mission and to participate as TTLF Fellows in TTLF's research and policy oriented activities. TTLF Fellows work together with Stanford Law faculty and/or Vienna Law faculty or independently. TTLF welcomes proposals for innovative and independent scholarly research projects related to TTLF's mission. TTLF Fellows are encouraged to make their work available through TTLF.

There is a limited number of TTLF Fellowships available and the application process is highly competitive. Selection of fellows is made on a year-round basis. TTLF Fellowships are, in general, awarded to applicants who already have experience in technology law related topics and wish to add new knowledge to the field. TTLF is presently unable to provide scholarships or stipends to support TTLF fellows.

Applicants for a TTLF Fellowship are required to submit a cover letter, a detailed outline of the proposed research project including a timetable, and a resume including a list of publications. Applicants should also declare where they would like to have their primary place of research (at Stanford, Vienna, somewhere else). References including contact information of referees or letters of recommendation are welcome. Applications should be submitted by e-mail. Only complete applications will be reviewed.

Please address all queries and applications to Professor Siegfried Fina and/or Roland Vogl

Stanford University FCE Fellowships

The Stanford University Forum on Contemporary Europe (FCE) is pleased to announce the availability of advanced graduate student fellowships to support short-term research at the University of Vienna in Austria. The FCE graduate student fellowships are part of the Stanford-Austria scholarly exchange and public event program hosted jointly by FCE at Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI), and the University of Vienna. These fellowships are intended to support Stanford graduate students enrolled in a program in any field in Stanford's seven schools. These fellowships are open to all law students and are especially appropriate for graduate students who have reached the advanced stages of their doctoral research. The fellowship is intended to support either short research visits (two to four weeks) or for a longer period of research work in Austria (up to an academic year) to work with faculty and libraries and archives in Austria. Research projects could, however, address issues and thus include travel to other Central European institutions of higher learning and affiliated scholarly libraries and archives in Central Europe.

TTLF fellows, researchers, Stanford Law School JD students, and advanced degree students are encouraged to apply for the FCE fellowship program. Their research work may be supported by the Vienna Technology Law Program of the University of Vienna School of Law and by its director Professor Siegfried Fina. Vienna-based TTLF Fellows and graduate students of the University of Vienna School of Law, who plan to do research at Stanford, are eligible to apply for FCE fellowships as well.

TTLF Fellows who are interested in the Stanford FCE Fellowship for work at Stanford or Vienna should consult the FCE website, and their research director or academic advisor.

TTLF Fellows

Gabriele Accardo

Gabriele Accardo is a Senior Associate in the Regulatory and Government Affairs Department and a member of the Antitrust and Competition Practice Group of the U.S. law firm WilmerHale in Brussels, Belgium, which he joined in 2007. Prior to joining WilmerHale, he was an associate in the competition and EU law unit of the international law firm Lovells in Brussels (2003-2007) and in Rome (2003). He is a graduate of the University of Palermo School of Law, Italy, and holds an MA in Antitrust, Economics and Market Regulation from the Center for International Studies on Economy and Development of the University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy. He has been a TTLF Fellow since September 2009.

Research Project:
Vertical Antitrust Enforcement: Transatlantic Perspectives on Restrictions of Online Distribution under EU and U.S. Competition Laws

Pablo Ibàñez Colomo

Pablo holds a double major in French Law and Spanish Law from the Universities of Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne and Complutense (1997-2001). In 2004, he completed an LL.M. at the College of Europe in Bruges (Belgium). He remained in Bruges three more years after graduation as an Assistant in the Law Department, where he taught European Antitrust and State Aid Law (2004-2007). From September 2007 to June 2010, he was a Researcher at the European University Institute in Florence (Italy) and served in addition as a TTLF Fellow from January 2008 to August 2009. In Fall 2010, he joined the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) as a lecturer of competition law.

Research Project:
The Impact of Technological Convergence in the Television Sector: Towards a Single "Technology-Neutral" Regulatory Framework. A Comparative Legal Analysis of Institutional and Substantive Issues in Europe and the U.S.

Jacques de Werra

Professor Jacques de Werra has been serving as a TTLF Fellow since Fall 2007. He is a professor of intellectual property law and contract law at the University of Geneva School of Law, Switzerland.

Research Project:
The Law of Software Contracts - A Transatlantic Perspective

Luca Escoffier

Luca Escoffier earned his Law Degree from the University of Parma, Italy, in 2001. Soon after he joined the internationally renowned Italian law firm Bonelli Erede Pappalardo, and after that experience he then worked for other firms in Trieste and Milan. In 2004, after having earned the LL.M. in Intellectual Property from the University of Turin and WIPO Worldwide Academy and carried out an internship in Geneva at the SMEs division of WIPO, he started working as in-house counsel for CBM S.c.r.l., a biotech-related company in Trieste which offers cutting-edge services in the new frontiers of medicine and oversees the Italian technology district of molecular biomedicine. In 2005 Luca has been accepted by Queen Mary, University of London, to carry out a doctoral dissertation on the patentability and (e)valuation of innovations in the field of nanomedicine. Since then, Luca drafted several case notes for the European IP Bulletin (edited by McDermott Will & Emery) and articles on nanotechnology issues. Luca attended many conferences and seminars, also as invited speaker, and in 2006 he has been selected as Fellow of the Vienna-Stanford Transatlantic Technology Law Forum to give his contribution in the field of nanotechnology law. As of August 2008 Luca is visiting scholar and CASRIP fellow at the University of Washington, School of Law William H. Gates Hall, to work on his doctoral dissertation and to carry out a project in conjunction with Waseda University (Japan) to further develop a database of IP precedents. Luca is proficient in Italian, English, Spanish, and conversant with French.

Research Projects:
Patents, Valuation and Securitization of Intellectual Property in the Field of Medical Nanoscience in the U.S. and Europe

Brief Review of Nanotechnology Related Activities in Italy

Nanotechnology under the Magnifying Lens from a European and U.S. Perspective: General Patent Statistics, Non-Obviousness Versus Inventive Step, and Two Case Studies in CNT Commercialization

Reinterpreting Patent Valuation and Evaluation: The Tricky World of Nanotechnology

Béatrice Martinet Farano

Béatrice Martinet has been practicing as an Intellectual Property lawyer in the Paris office of two international law firms, Salans and Bird & Bird, since 2003. In 2003, she handled one of the first trials in France against an e-commerce platform. She has also been involved in many cases relating to the liability of Internet intermediaries for user-generated content. Béatrice Martinet is a graduate of the University of Jean Moulin in Lyon, France, the Liberà Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali (L.U.I.S.S.) in Rome, Italy, and the University of ASSAS in Paris where she obtained a Masters in Intellectual Property. She is the author of a thesis on plagiarism in literature and of several IP related articles published in French law reviews (Dalloz, Jurisclasseur and Gazette du Palais). Béatrice Martinet has been a TTLF Fellow since January 2011.

Research Project:
Liability of Internet Intermediaries in Relation to Trademark and Copyright Infringements: A Comparative Analysis of the EU and U.S. Legal Frameworks

Lukas Feiler

Lukas Feiler is an associate at Wolf Theiss Attorneys at Law, Vienna. He earned his law degree from the University of Vienna School of Law in 2008 and a Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) certification from (ISC)² in 2009. He also studied U.S. cyberspace law and intellectual property law at Santa Clara University. Previous activities include a position of Vice Director at the European Center for E-Commerce and Internet Law, Vienna (2005-2011), a traineeship with the European Commission, DG Information Society & Media, Unit A.3 “Internet; Network and Information Security” in Brussels (2009), software developer positions with software companies in Vienna, Leeds, and New York (2000-2011), and a teaching position for TCP/IP networking and web application development at the SAE Institute Vienna (2002-2006). He is the co-author of three books, the author of numerous law review articles published inter alia in the Santa Clara Computer & High Technology Law Journal, the European Journal of Law and Technology, and the Computer Law Review International, and lead developer of the open source project Query2XML, which was accepted for inclusion in the official PHP Extension and Application Repository. He has been a TTLF Fellow since August 2009 and a Europe Center Research Affiliate since November 2009.

Research Project:
Information Security Law in the EU and the U.S. — A Risk-Based Assessment of Regulatory Policies

Separation of Ownership and the Authorization to Use Personal Computers: Unintended Effects of EU and U.S. Law on IT Security

The Legality of the European Data Retention Directive in Light of the Fundamental Rights to Privacy and Data Protection

Regulating Information Security in the EU and the U.S. by Mandating Targeted Transparency

Website Blocking Injunctions under EU and U.S. Copyright Law - Slow Death of the Global Internet or Emergence of the Rule of National Copyright Law?

Carmelo Fontana

Carmelo Fontana is an Italian qualified attorney whose experience focuses primarily on EU and US technology regulation and commercial litigation. Carmelo is the co-founder of an Internet company in Silicon Valley where he is involved in a variety of strategic issues concerning intellectual property, privacy regulation, consumer protection and business administration.

In 2003 Carmelo graduated summa cum laude and mention honoris from LUISS Law School in Rome. Thereafter, he practiced for several years with Cleary Gottlieb LLP where he was involved in a number of commercial transactions, domestic and international litigation, and other cases of national relevance.

After a brief period in the European Commission Legal Service, where he worked on EU market regulation cases, Carmelo moved to Stanford Law School where, in 2008, he obtained an LL.M. in Law Science and Technology. Following graduation, Carmelo worked as a TTLF Research Associate and in March 2010 became a TTLF Research Fellow. Carmelo's scholarship with the TTLF is focused on privacy and data protection regulation.

Research Project:
EU Privacy Regulation Compliance in the Consumer-Internet Industry

Stefania Fusco

Stefania Fusco's research concentrates on intellectual property law and finance. She earned a J.S.D. at Stanford Law School where she was also a Kaufmann Fellow. For the doctoral dissertation, she conducted an interdisciplinary empirical investigation on patent protection and innovative financial methods. Her current projects focus on the boundaries of patentable subject matter and comparative analyses of non-practicing entities in the U.S. and the EU. She holds additional law degrees from Europe and the U.S.

Her publications engage with highly debated IP issues including: the impact of patent protection on securities, international negotiations on geographical indications on products and the Bilski Supreme Court decision. She has presented her research at several national IP conferences. She is currently a lecturer at Santa Clara University School of Law. She became a TTLF Fellow in August 2010.

Research Project:
Patent Trolls: A Comparative Investigation of Non-practicing Entities in the US and EU

Petra Heindl

Petra Heindl became a TTLF Fellow in Fall 2007. She is also a Research Affiliate of Stanford University’s Forum on Contemporary Europe at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and a senior associate at Binder Grösswang Attorneys at Law, an internationally operating law firm in Central Europe. Her research work is connected with the Vienna Technology Law Program of the University of Vienna School of Law as well, where she did her research as a JSD candidate. Heindl received her JD and JSD from the University of Vienna School of Law in Austria and studied European Union law at the Lapland University of Rovaniemi, Finland. After graduating from the Vienna Law School, she specialized in European Union business law at the Danube University Krems in Austria, where she completed an LLM in European Union law. In addition, she earned an LLM in U.S. Law from Santa Clara University School of Law. Her research focuses on transatlantic software copyright issues.

Research Projects:
A Status Report from the Software Decompilation Battle: A Source of Sores for Software Copyright Owners in the European Union and the United States?

A Comparative Analysis of Online Distribution of Software in the United States and Europe: Piracy or Freedom of “First Use”?

Unbundling of Software Volume Licenses as a New Business Model: A Question of Exhaustion under EU and U.S. Copyright Laws?

Natascha Just

Natascha Just is a Senior Research and Teaching Associate in the Division on Media Change and Innovation, Institute of Mass Communication and Media Research (IPMZ), University of Zurich, Switzerland. She is TTLF’s inaugural fellow and was a Visiting Researcher at Stanford Law School in 2007. She holds a M.A. in Communication Science/Romance Philology (1997) and a Ph.D. in Communication Science (2001) from the University of Vienna. She was the recipient of a three year Hertha Firnberg Grant from the Austrian National Science Fund and worked as Hertha Firnberg Scholar at the Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Austria (2005-2008). She was also a Post Doctoral Fellow on International Communication at the Annenberg Research Network on International Communication, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (2004-2005); a Research Fellow at the Austrian Academy of Sciences as part of the research group "European Information Society" (1998-2004); and a lecturer for media economics and politics at the Department for Communication, University of Vienna (2003). Natascha Just’s current research centers on the transformation of statehood in the convergent communication sector with a special emphasis on changing governance structures, competition policy, and market power control. Her research has been published in books and refereed journals such as Media, Culture & Society, Telecommunications Policy, Communications & Strategies, and Knowledge, Technology and Policy. She is co-author of the book "Self- and Co-regulation in the Mediamatics Sector. Alternative Regulation between State and Market" (2002, in German).

Research Projects:
New Directions in the Governance of Communication: Competition Policy and Market Power Control in Convergent Communication Sectors. A Comparison between the EU and the U.S.

Measuring Media Concentration and Diversity: New Approaches and Instruments in Europe and the United States

Axel Knabe

Axel Knabe is a research assistant at the Chair for IT and Security Law at the University of Passau, Germany, and a doctoral candidate at the Chair for Public Law and Legal Philosophy at the University of Mannheim, Germany. He earned his law degree from the University of Mannheim in January 2007. Between May 2007 and May 2009, Axel Knabe successfully completed the compulsory two-year long clerkship program in Germany and became eligible for admittance to the German bar (Ass.iur.). During this time he was, among other things, a law clerk at a Federal District Court in the state of Rhineland-Palatine. Between November 2008 and April 2009 Knabe worked at the law firm Berliner, Corcoran & Rowe LLP in Washington, D.C. as an international fellow. His work there mainly focused on questions of Foreign Sovereign Immunity Law, International Trade Law, Commercial Law and IT Law. Since November 2008 he has been a contributor to the International Enforcement Law Reporter for which he covers various aspects of international enforcement law. Axel Knabe became a TTLF Fellow in January 2011.

Research Project:
Revisiting Net Neutrality – A Comparative Legal Analysis of Potential Regulatory Solutions in the European Union and the United States

Sandra Marco Colino

Sandra Marco Colino is a Lecturer at the University of Glasgow. She holds a Ph.D. from the European University Institute in Florence, a Master's Degree (LLM) from the University Carlos III of Madrid and a Diploma of Specialization in Telecommunications Law from the University of San Pablo CEU (Madrid). Her main fields of expertise are antitrust, telecommunications law and EU law. She is a TTLF Fellow since Spring 2009, and her work focuses on the regulation of margin squeezes in the EU and the US.

Research Project:
Margin Squeezes in the Telecommunications Industry under Antitrust Rules: A Comparative Analysis of the EC and US Approaches

Felix Mormann

Felix Mormann is the Kauffman Legal Research Fellow in Stanford's Program in Law, Science and Technology. Prior to joining Stanford Law School, Felix was a visiting scholar at UC Berkeley Law School (Boalt Hall), where he conducted research for his doctoral dissertation on transatlantic securities litigation. Felix previously worked for some of Germany's premiere law firms and as a management consultant for McKinsey & Company. Felix holds law degrees from the University of Passau and UC Berkeley Law School. He was an Erasmus scholar at the University of Barcelona and a fellow of the German National Merit Foundation. Felix' work in corporate and environmental law has been published in leading law journals in the U.S. and Europe, including the Ecology Law Quarterly, Die Aktiengesellschaft and the Monatsschrift des deutschen Rechts. Felix joined the TTLF in May 2011.

Research Project:
Regulating the Race to Renewables — a Transatlantic Policy Comparison

Christoph Rademacher

Christoph Rademacher studied business law at the University of Siegen (Germany), Kanazawa University (Japan) and the University of Cergy-Pontoise (France) and earned his masters degree in 2005. Between 2005 and 2008, he worked as a business lawyer and consultant at Janssen Foreign Law Office (Asahi Koma) and Baker & McKenzie in Tokyo, where he advised corporations on cross-border transactions. Between 2006 and 2008, he was also a Research Scholar at Keio University in Tokyo. Christoph came to the U.S. in 2008 and earned an LLM degree from Stanford Law School in Law, Science & Technology in 2009. After passing the New York Bar Exam, Christoph began working at Google in Mountain View, California, and joined the Stanford-Vienna Transatlantic Technology Law Forum as a TTLF Fellow in November 2009. His research focuses on the enforcement of patent rights in Germany, Japan and the US, which was also the subject of his doctoral studies.

Research Projects:
The Enforcement of Patent Rights in Germany, Japan and the U.S.

Patent Enforcement: Preliminary and Permanent Injunctive Relief in Germany, Japan and the U.S.

Christine Reiter

Christine Reiter is a Fellow of the Stanford-Vienna Transatlantic Technology Law Forum as well as a Ph.D. candidate of the Vienna Technology Law Program at the University of Vienna School of Law, Austria. Reiter's research work is also connected with the Forum on Contemporary Europe at Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Before joining the Intellectual Property Department of Red Bull, Reiter worked as a legal clerk at the District Court in the First District of Vienna. Reiter also worked as a trainee at Dorda Brugger Jordis, Attorneys at Law, in Vienna and as an intern at the Austrian Embassy in Berlin, Germany. Reiter received her Mag.iur. [J.D.] from the University of Vienna School of Law in Austria. In addition, she studied U.S. intellectual property law and U.S. business law at Santa Clara University School of Law. Reiter's research work focuses on international intellectual property issues.

Research Projects:
Biotechnological Inventions - A Comparison between the Patent Systems of Europe and the United States

The Patent Application: A Comparison between Europe and the U.S.

Marko Schauwecker

Marko Schauwecker became a TTLF Fellow in fall 2007. His research work is also connected to The Europe Center at Stanford University's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Marko Schauwecker studied law and political science in Germany, France, Spain, and the U.S. He holds graduate degrees from the Free University Berlin and the University Paris I Pantheon-Sorbonne, obtained a PhD from the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, and an LLM from the University of California at Berkeley School of Law (BerkeleyLaw). Marko Schauwecker spent two years as a research assistant at the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law in Munich, where he served as a member of the "European Max Planck Group for Conflict of Laws in Intellectual Property (CLIP)". In 2009, he joined the Patent Law Directorate of the European Patent Office in Munich as a lawyer. His research focuses on patent law and conflict of laws.

Research Projects:
Extraterritoriality in Patent Law: A Comparative Analysis of Extraterritorial Application of Patent Law in the United States and Europe, and a Proposal for Global Guidelines for Resolving Future Cases

Extraterritorial Patent Jurisdiction: Can One Sue in Europe for Infringement of a U.S. Patent?

Nanotechnology Inventions in U.S. Patent Law

Juha Vesala

Juha Vesala, from Finland, is a graduate of the Faculty of Law, University of Helsinki and holds a Master of Laws degree from the University of Minnesota Law School. Since 2003 he has taught and conducted research on antitrust law and intellectual property law at the Department of Private Law, University of Helsinki. At first, in a project of the Academy of Finland he published articles and a study on the regulation of anti-circumvention technologies in international, U.S. and E.C. copyright law. Currently, he is preparing a doctoral thesis on selected U.S. and E.C. antitrust issues in the licensing of technology. On those issues, he has also published articles and given presentations at international conferences. Moreover, while on leave from the University, he worked as Senior Research Officer at the Cartels Unit of the Finnish Competition Authority (2006 and 2008). Earlier, he was a Lawyer Trainee at the European Patent Office (2002). He joined the TTLF in April 2008.

Research Projects:
Licensing and Standard Setting Cooperation: Ex Ante Arrangements for the Licensing of Essential IPRs under EC and U.S. Antitrust Laws

Grantbacks and Other Agreements on the Future Innovation of Licensees in EC and U.S. Antitrust Laws

FCE Fellows

The following Fellows and Research Affiliates of Stanford University's Forum on Contemporary Europe at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies are affiliated with TTLF and participate in TTLF's programs and projects:

Lukas Feiler

Lukas Feiler is an FCE Research Affiliate as well as a TTLF Fellow, and a PhD candidate of the Vienna Technology Law Program at the University of Vienna School of Law, Austria.

Research Project:
Information Security Law in the EU and the U.S. — A Risk-Based Assessment of Regulatory Policies

Separation of Ownership and the Authorization to Use Personal Computers: Unintended Effects of EU and U.S. Law on IT Security

The Legality of the European Data Retention Directive in Light of the Fundamental Rights to Privacy and Data Protection

Regulating Information Security in the EU and the U.S. by Mandating Targeted Transparency

Website Blocking Injunctions under EU and U.S. Copyright Law — Slow Death of the Global Internet or Emergence of the Rule of National Copyright Law?

Petra Heindl

Petra Heindl is an FCE Research Affiliate and a TTLF Fellow as well as a PhD candidate of the Vienna Technology Law Program at the University of Vienna School of Law, Austria.

Research Projects:
A Status Report from the Software Decompilation Battle: A Source of Sores for Software Copyright Owners in the European Union and the United States?

A Comparative Analysis of Online Distribution of Software in the United States and Europe: Piracy or Freedom of “First Use”?

Unbundling of Software Volume Licenses as a New Business Model: A Question of Exhaustion under EU and U.S. Copyright Laws?

Christine Reiter

Christine Reiter is an FCE Research Fellow as well as a TTLF Research Affiliate, and a PhD candidate of the Vienna Technology Law Program at the University of Vienna School of Law, Austria.

Research Project:
The Patent Application: A Comparison between Europe and the U.S.

Biotechnological Inventions - A Comparison between the Patent Systems of Europe and the United States

Stanford Law School

Utility Navigation test

Information for:

The Program

Main Navigation

Transatlantic Technology Law Forum

Overview

News & Announcements

Faculty

Program Contacts

Recorded & Past Events

April 2012

October 2011

September 2011

January 2011

November 2010

October 2010

April 2009

November 2008

June 2008

June 2007

March 2007

Projects

European Union E-Commerce Law Project

Transatlantic Intellectual Property Law Project

International TTLF Fellowship Program

Conferences, Workshops, Speaker Series & Seminars

EU-US Technology Law Collection

EU-US Technology Law & Policy News

TTLF Group on Facebook.com

Technology Law & Policy News

EU Technology Law & Policy News

US Technology Law & Policy News

Newsletter

Transatlantic Antitrust and IPR Developments

Technology Law

EU Technology Law

US Technology Law

Disclaimer of Liability

EU E-Commerce Law Project

Transatlantic IP Law Project

Jean Monnet Student Research Paper Prize for EU Law

Prize winners

TTLF Working Papers

EU Law Working Papers

LLM Programs

TTLF Fellowship Program

Stanford University FCE Fellowships

TTLF Fellows

Gabriele Accardo

Pablo Ibàñez Colomo

Jacques de Werra

Luca Escoffier

Béatrice Martinet Farano

Lukas Feiler

Carmelo Fontana

Stefania Fusco

Petra Heindl

Natascha Just

Axel Knabe

Sandra Marco Colino

Felix Mormann

Christoph Rademacher

Christine Reiter

Marko Schauwecker

Juha Vesala

FCE Fellows

Lukas Feiler

Petra Heindl

Christine Reiter

Contact Information

Related Links

Related

© 2012Stanford University