Details Author(s): David M. StuddertCarole R. Gresenz Publish Date: January 1, 2003 Publication Title: Journal of the American Medical Association Format: Journal Article Volume 289 Page(s) 864-870 Citation(s): David M. Studdert & Carole Roan Gresenz, Consumer Protection in Managed Care: Enrollee Appeals of Pre-Service Coverage Denials at Two HMOs, 289 Journal of the American Medical Association 864 (2003).